Biologic Response Modifiers

Biologic response modifiers are agents that interfere with the body's inflammatory response by altering immune system factors. Research has identified several immune system factors known as cytokines and interleukins that play major roles in the inflammatory process that causes IBD.

Infliximab (Remicade) is the first genetically-engineered drug to be approved for Crohn's disease and may have promise in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. The drug is a specially designed antibody (monoclonal antibody) which acts against tumour necrosis factor (TNFα) — a cytokine associated with the Crohn's inflammatory process.

Recent trials have shown infliximab can heal fistulas and help patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease who have not responded to standard treatments .

The most common side effects are: headache, chills, and fever associated with the infusion of the drug. Some patients have experienced breathing problems, joint swelling and autoimmune reactions, although these effects are rare. Of concern are reports of a few cases of lymphoma and susceptibility to tuberculosis infection.

Other biologic response modifiers such as CDP571, thalidomide, and IL-11 are under investigation.